Trees on the Yale Nature Walk

The Kentucky Yellowwood (also known as American Yellowwood or simply the “Yellowwood”) as its name suggests, is found throughout the South-Eastern United States, primarily Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas although it is rare in the range. It is typically small to medium sized, although it can grow to be 30-feet high with a canopy area of 40-55 feet. It is a dicot and deciduous, meaning it loses its leaves in the winter. “Yellowwood” is a reference to the yellow color of its wood when it's been freshly cut, and its leaves change to a bright yellow during the fall. It’s a slightly late bloomer, flowering in late spring like in early June.

The Limber Pine, of the family Pinaceae and the genus Pinus, is an evergreen gymnosperm native to the Rocky Mountains of Western U.S. and Canada. Limber pines range from 7-12 m in height and 60-90 cm in diameter; they have needle-shaped, dark-green leaves, light-gray bark that becomes red-brown with age, and resinous, flexible branches. They thrive in subalpine habitats (10,000 to 11,500 feet in elevation), but are remarkably adaptable due to their tolerance to cold and drought. They are monoecious, with clustered yellow-brown staminate cones and woody, deep-brown ovulate cones that give rise to winged seeds. The seeds (pine nuts) and inner bark of Limber Pines are food sources for various animals, most notably nutcrackers and squirrels, who in turn aid in seed distribution. The branches of the Limber Pines also serve as a habitat for various animals and rodents, providing protection from predators and adverse weather conditions. Limber Pines can take several hundred years to reach maturity and can live for over 1000 years. Though Limber Pines are evergreen, fertilization of ovulate cones only occurs in late spring, and seed dispersal mainly occurs in the fall. Though Limber Pine wood is not suitable for commercial timber harvesting, its timber has been used for cabins, fencing, mining, and firewood. Limber Pines bear pine nuts, which have a wide variety of culinary applications in foods like pesto, salads, granola, and various baked goods. Not factoring in human activity, the greatest risk to Limber Pine populations is disease: both white pine blister rust (a common fungal disease in pines) and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium Cyanocarpum) are leading causes of Limber Pine mortality.

Also known as the blackgum, the black tupelo is a slow-growing deciduous tree known for its vibrant autumn leaves and highly-sought after honey. Black tupelos are successful at attracting pollinators like bees to their flowers and birds and small mammals to their fruits. Black tupelos are native to Connecticut and can be found anywhere from southern Ontario to Mexico.

This Eastern White Cedar is planted right in front of Marsh Hall along the path to the front door of the building. Surveyors have declared that this tree's name is Holly. It is near a few other trees and flowers, though surveyors agree that Holly is the best plant among them because she is a majestic cedar tree with a cone shape and evergreen foliage.